Abstract
In this paper, a simple and sensitive electrochemical nano-sensor was developed for the analysis of hydroquinone based on sepiolite clay modified carbon paste sensor by using differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry and square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Surface morphology of sensors was characterized by using scanning electron microscopic technique, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Electrochemical redox properties of hydroquinone were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The oxidation peak current of hydroquinone in differential pulse and square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry changes linearly in the concentration range of 0.01-700 µmolL-1 and 0.01-700 µmolL-1, respectively. Excellent limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were found as 0.01096 µmolL-1 and 0.03654 µmolL-1 for differential pulse, and 0.01031 µmolL-1 and 0.03438 µmolL-1 for square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry, respectively. Additionally, the newly proposed sensor was applied to the analysis of hydroquinone in cosmetic cream with satisfying results.
Highlights
Hydroquinone (HQ) is a phenol derivative with antioxidant properties that can cause toxicity in several organs, such as the kidneys
The composition of modified electrodes has a significant effect on electrochemical signal of modified electrodes by means of changing the sensitivity and selectivity of electrodes and redox potential shift.[20]
Sepiolite clay electrodes were prepared with the different combinations in the range between 3.3% and 8.3% (w/w)
Summary
Hydroquinone (HQ) is a phenol derivative with antioxidant properties that can cause toxicity in several organs, such as the kidneys. Due to its high toxicity, several methods have been established for the determination, such as high performance liquid chromatography,[2] fluorescence,[3] chemiluminescence,[4] spectrophotometry,[5,6] gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,[7] capillary electro-chromatography,[8] and electrochemical methods. In particular chromatographic methods, are both time consuming and based on the use of organic liquids in excess volumes. Electrochemical techniques for hydroquinone assay are cost effective, fast and highly sensitive. The non-destructive nature and extremely low sample consumption makes them one of the preferred techniques.[11]
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