A multivariate analysis of the attitudinal and perceptual determinants of completion of a weight-reduction program

Abstract

Reducing attrition in programs, especially in weight-reduction programs, is a major challenge for nutritionists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of completion of a weight-reduction program and to provide suggestions for retaining participants. A model that explains attrition behavior was tested on a group of 309 participants in a comprehensive 10-week weight-reduction program. The dependent variable was program completion. The independent variables were program, personal, attitudinal, environmental, demographic, and intention. A principal-components factor analysis was used to determine the structure of the variables related to program completion. Six major factors were identified: self-assurance, social ease, social support, perceived importance, program satisfaction and demographic variables. Stepwise multiple-regression analysis determined the factors that most effectively predicted program completion. Path analysis explored the direct and indirect effects on program completion. The results indicated that self-assurance was the most significant factor influencing program completion. Program satisfaction did not have a direct effect on program completion when considered in the presence of the other independent variables. It is suggested that to retain participants in weight-control programs, weight-control educators should develop participants' self-assurance, social support and social ease, and help participants perceive the program as important to their health and well-being.