A multiscale model for effective moduli of concrete incorporating ITZ water–cement ratio gradients, aggregate size distributions, and entrapped voids

Abstract

This paper develops a model for the effective elastic properties of concrete, which is a function of the volume fractions, size distributions, and elastic properties of fine aggregate (FA) and coarse aggregate (FA) and entrapped voids. Furthermore, the model is a function of the overall water–cement ratio and specific gravity of cement. Explicitly modeled are the water–cement ratio gradients through the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), which, in turn, affect the variation of the cement paste elastic properties through the ITZ, while maintaining the total fractions of cement and water consistent with the overall water–cement ratio. The ITZ volume is also conserved.