Abstract
This article presents the main technical features and performance of the upgraded beamline ID02 at the ESRF. The beamline combines different small-angle X-ray scattering techniques in one unique instrument, enabling static and kinetic investigations from ångström to micrometre size scales and time resolution down to the sub-millisecond range. The main component of the instrument is an evacuated detector tube of length 34 m and diameter 2 m. Several different detectors are housed inside a motorized wagon that travels along a rail system, allowing an automated change of the sample-detector distance from about 1 to 31 m as well as selection of the desired detector. For optional combined wide-angle scattering measurements, a wide-angle detector is installed at the entrance cone of the tube. A scattering vector (of magnitude q) range of 0.002 ≤ q ≤ 50 nm-1 is covered with two sample-detector distances and a single-beam setting for an X-ray wavelength of 1 Å. In the high-resolution mode, two-dimensional ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering patterns down to q < 0.001 nm-1 can be recorded, and the resulting one-dimensional profiles have superior quality as compared to those measured with an optimized Bonse-Hart instrument. In the highest-resolution mode, the beam is nearly coherent, thereby permitting multispeckle ultra-small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy measurements. The main applications of the instrument include the elucidation of static and transient hierarchical structures, and nonequilibrium dynamics in soft matter and biophysical systems.
Highlights
Over the past several decades, high-brilliance small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and related techniques have been widely used in the investigation of soft matter and noncrystalline biological systems (Narayanan et al, 2017; Tuukkanen et al, 2017)
While improving the performance of high-brilliance SAXS and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) techniques, the timeresolved ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (TRUSAXS) instrument offers a unique feature of twodimensional ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) and ultra-small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (USA-XPCS), allowing one to probe microstructure and dynamics in the same experiment (Moller, Chushkin et al, 2016)
Summary Following the upgrade, the ID02 beamline at the ESRF has evolved to a unique multipurpose time-resolved USAXS/ SAXS/WAXS (TRUSAXS) instrument
Summary
Over the past several decades, high-brilliance small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and related techniques have been widely used in the investigation of soft matter and noncrystalline biological systems (Narayanan et al, 2017; Tuukkanen et al, 2017). To make SAXS techniques useful in the investigation of such complex systems, significant enhancements of the range of accessible scattering vector, angular resolution, scattering detectivity and time resolution are required. While improving the performance of high-brilliance SAXS and WAXS techniques, the TRUSAXS instrument offers a unique feature of twodimensional USAXS and ultra-small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (USA-XPCS), allowing one to probe microstructure and dynamics in the same experiment (Moller, Chushkin et al, 2016). When SAXS and USAXS are combined with WAXS, the setup covers a q range of 10À3 q 50 nmÀ1, corresponding to more than four orders of magnitude in reciprocal space dimensions This broad q range together with sub-millisecond time resolution enables a wide range of dynamical studies from the molecular level to the upper limit of the colloidal scale. The beam is tightly collimated at the expense of flux
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