Abstract
A hybrid system including photovoltaic panels, an air-source heat pump, batteries, and a hot water tank is proposed to satisfy the building’s demands. To discover the optimal energy scheduling scheme, a multi-objective two-stage planning method is developed. In the first stage, considering the seasonal fluctuations of photovoltaic power and the loads, several operation modes are designed. Moreover, the influence of objective functions with and without the energy self-consumption (SCR) and self-sufficiency rate (SSR) on the system configuration is analyzed. The second stage aims to explore the synergetic benefits with demand response, in which the hourly loads are reconstructed accounting for the municipal tariffs. The results show that when accounting for the annual cost (AC) and primary energy (PE), the ideal operation mode is as follows: favor thermal storage during periods of energy surplus and prioritize discharging electricity in winter and heat in summer in cases of insufficient power. When considering the SCR and SSR additionally, storing heat in summer with charging batteries in winter is preferred when excess energy is available. Otherwise, give priority to thermal storage. Furthermore, based on the proposed energy scheduling scheme, the AC, PE, SCR, and SSR are improved by −31.1 %, −19.4 %, +1.5 %, and +11.3 %, respectively.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
