Abstract
This paper aims to present the analysis and development of a complete electronic smart meter that is able to perform four-quadrant measurements, act as a three-phase shunt active power filter (APF), and control three-phase induction motors by stator flux estimation. A transmission control protocol together with Internet protocol (TCP/IP) communication protocol for the remote access of measurement data is embedded into the application to securely transmit reliable information. An artificial neural network trained with particle swarm optimization is used for stator flux estimation, and a fuzzy logic controller is adopted to regulate the power converter DC bus voltage. The present work gathers knowledge from multidisciplinary fields, and all applied techniques have not been proposed altogether before. All control functions are embedded into a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device, using VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL), to enhance efficiency taking advantage of parallelism and high speed. An FPGA-in-the-loop cosimulation technique was first applied to prove the control functions’ functionality, and, later, experimental evaluations are conducted to finally prove equipment operation and reliability.
Highlights
The generation, distribution, and measurement of electricity are some of the main themes studied by scientists and researchers all over the world due to their considerably higher efficiency in processing and transporting over other energy sources
It should be emphasized that the use of particle swarm optimization (PSO) training favors a faster and simpler way to estimate the flux using artificial neural networks, assisting in more accurate induction motor control and providing an increase in energy quality
The usage of a fuzzy logic controller is an interesting alternative to control the active power filter (APF) DC bus voltage when dealing with different load types
Summary
The generation, distribution, and measurement of electricity are some of the main themes studied by scientists and researchers all over the world due to their considerably higher efficiency in processing and transporting over other energy sources. The main difference between these filters is related to their complexity and flexibility of use; both have the goal of eliminating or reducing the harmonic content, achieving reactive power compensation and power factor correction to meet the standards such as IEEE 519, 1547, and IEC 61006. This aids in avoiding the major effects of harmonics in the energy system, which are conductors overheating, equipment failures, resonances occurrence, and the premature aging of components [6,7]
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