Abstract
Geopolymers show great potential for use as binders in developing and manufacturing multifunctional wood products. The objective of this study was to improve the bonding quality of a geopolymer binder, with wood veneers, using different manufacturing parameters. To this end, we produced five layered plywood panels treated with various lay-up times (1, 5, 10, 15 min), panel compressibility values during hot pressing (5%, 10%, 15%, and 30% compression), veneer roughness values (low, medium, and high roughness), press temperatures (120, 140, and 160 °C), and veneer layouts via changing the middle layer position of plywood relative to the surface layers. The results show that the shear strength and thickness swelling were negatively influenced by increasing the lay-up time of resinated veneers and panel compressibility. Increasing the veneer roughness significantly increased the panels’ properties. Furthermore, the panels produced with a pressing temperature of 140 °C showed the best performances. The veneer layouts also significantly changed the physical and mechanical properties of the plywood panels. Generally speaking, the results obtained in this study show that improving the bonding quality of geopolymer binders with wood can be done through the manipulation of plywood manufacturing parameters.
Highlights
Multifunctional products offer a practical solution for improving energy and material efficiencies
The lay-up time presented a minor impact on the shear strength of geopolymer binder
(B)of ofthe the geopolymer-bonded geopolymer‐bondedplywood plywoodwith with various variousmiddle middlelayer layerangles anglesrelative relativeto tothe thesurface surfacelayers. This experimental study showed that the properties of geopolymer‐bonded plywood samples are significantly influenced by the various manufacturing parameters
Summary
Multifunctional (wood) products offer a practical solution for improving energy and material efficiencies. The adhesives used in wood-based products (WBPs) play a critical role in developing multifunctional wood products [1,2]. Adhesives require new and improved materials and manufacturing processes, as well as innovative actions to increase their efficiency and reliability to achieve multifunctional wood products [1]. The production of WBPs currently almost fully depends on the usage of synthetic binders, especially formaldehyde-based binders, due to their low costs and excellent properties [2,3,4]. Formaldehyde has been classified as a human carcinogen substance, thereby restricting its further usage in building applications, especially in the USA and Europe
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