A multifactorial dimensionality reduction model for gene polymorphisms and environmental interaction analysis for the detection of susceptibility for type 2 diabetic and cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

Results The MDR analysis showed the interaction between environmental factor (SBP) and the genetic factor (ENPP1) for pooled and female T2DM patients which indicated that SBP and TCF7L2 had significant contribution on susceptibility to T2DM. The analysis showed that environmental factors (BMI, WHR, WC, SBP, DBP and PR) and genetic factors (ENPP1-K121Q, TCF7L2 -G>T and GYS1 A1>A2) have identified risk factors and their interaction. All these interactions were observed to be significant. The MDR method showed all interaction models first to ninth order interactions for pooled and male T2DM patients as significant for susceptibility of obesity. Whereas in female T2DM patients, a first order (WHR) and third order (WHR * SBP * ENPP1) have found a significant interaction for obesity. Both the genes ENPP1 and TCF7L2 interacting with WHR and WC increase the susceptibility of obesity many folds among T2DM patients and non-diabetic controls. These results were also supported by dendrogram and interaction entropy model. The three factor interaction model (BMI * SBP * ENPP1) for pooled T2DM patients have been found significant for predicting hypertension in T2DM patients whereas, in female T2DM patients all the interaction models have been found as significant. However, third order model (SBP * TCF7L2 * GYS1) have been found as a strong predictor for hypertension. In T2DM male patients there has been no significant interaction observed for gene-environment interaction although a seven factor model (BMI * WHR * WC * SBP * PR * ENPP1 * TCF7L2) seems to be comparatively a good predictor for hypertension.