Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds present a better alternative to prevent and treat chronic diseases owing to their lower toxicity and abundant resources. (+)‐Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a flavanonol, possessing numerous interesting bioactivities with abundant resources. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in DMY natural resources, stereoisomerism, physicochemical properties, extraction, biosynthesis, pharmacokinetics, and biotransformation. Stereoisomerism of DMY should be considered for better indication of its efficacy. Biotechnological approach presents a potential tool for the production of DMY using microbial cell factories. DMY high instability is related to its powerful antioxidant capacity due to pyrogallol moiety in ring B, and whether preparation of other analogues could demonstrate improved properties. DMY demonstrates poor bioavailability based on its low solubility and permeability with several attempts to improve its pharmacokinetics and efficacy. DMY possesses various pharmacological effects, which have been proven by many in vitro and in vivo experiments, while clinical trials are rather scarce, with underlying action mechanisms remaining unclear. Consequently, to maximize the usefulness of DMY in nutraceuticals, improvement in bioavailability, and better understanding of its actions mechanisms and drug interactions ought to be examined in the future along with more clinical evidence.
Highlights
Rapid urbanization brought on by the modernization process of society has led to the general deterioration of human health manifested by less physical activity, and more high-energy food intake
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in DMY natural resources, stereoisomerism, physicochemical properties, extraction, biosynthesis, pharmacokinetics, and biotransformation
It was found that extraction using 60% ethanol in water for 180 min at 60◦C from A. grossedentata leaves led to maximum DMY recovery rates [39]
Summary
Rapid urbanization brought on by the modernization process of society has led to the general deterioration of human health manifested by less physical activity, and more high-energy food intake. Flavonoids represent an important class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites, which can be subdivided into different subgroups depending on the structure. These subgroups are: flavones, flavonols, flavanones, flavanonols, flavanols or catechins, anthocyanins and chalcones [5]. Zhang et al / eFood 2021;2(4):164184 mechanisms, underlying DMY health effects, and application in food industries (Figure 1). Such comprehensive review identifies potential uses for DMY in food and functional food industries with emphasis on future needed research to help maximize its value. Homochiral (+) DMY with a (2R, 3R)-configuration is often considered as the default form of DMY in some articles, showing higher anti-inflammatory activity than (±) DMY [14]
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