A multidimensional criteria for designing refugee camps: the case of Al Baqa'a, Jordan

Abstract

Humanistic needs of refugees are widely considered in early camp designs. Several of them evolve to more than just a temporary solution, having generations of refugees spending years in these settlements. During this time, refugees experience multiple humanistic needs, such as social and cultural adequacy, sustainability, community integration and improved access to essential services. Considering these conceptualisations, a multidimensional approach to refugee camp design is required in terms of urban planning development. The paper employs the case study of Al Baqa’a camp in Jordan to explore the use of integrated criteria specifications as a solution for capturing the multidimensional elements of refugees’ higher-level needs and their impact on urban planning development. The criteria were formulated from literature based on human needs theories, international refugee studies and reports from humanitarian organisations and developed through fieldwork and observation. Outputs demonstrate how shelter requirements and urban planning by non-governmental organisations, often based on time management and budgets, differs from standards and criteria that address people's humanistic needs. A multidimensional approach to meeting the requirements of refugees living in warm and dry climates is proposed to support the multi-transitional levels of shelter and socio-spatial urban organisation and evolution taking place in refugee camps.