Abstract
Abstract This study reports the use of statistical mixture design as a tool for the simultaneous production of lipase, CMCase, α-amylase, and β-glucosidase by Aspergillus niger under solid-state fermentation. Wheat bran, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, and orange peel were used as substrates, either individually or combined in different formulations, to study their synergistic or antagonistic effects on production of the enzymes. The highest lipase (323 U g-1) and CMCase (10 U g-1) activities were detected after 48 h, while the maximum activities of α-amylase (18 U g-1) and β-glucosidase (15 U g-1) occurred at 72 and 96 h, respectively. Considering the substrate formulation, the ternary mixture of wheat bran (1/3), soybean meal (1/3), and cottonseed meal (1/3) was the most versatile, showing production of CMCase (>5 U g-1) and α-amylase (>8 U g-1) at 24 h, lipase (>320 U g-1) at 72 h, and β-glucosidase (>10 U g-1) at 48 h.
Highlights
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) has been applied as a promising and alternative technology for enzyme production
During the SSF of A. niger LBA 02 on different agroindustrial wastes and their mixtures, the enzymatic activities of lipase, CMCase, α-amylase, and β-glucosidase were investigated in the crude extract (Table 2)
The highest lipase and CMCase activities were detected at 48 h fermentation, while the activity peaks for α-amylase and β-glucosidase were observed at 72 and 96 h, respectively
Summary
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) has been applied as a promising and alternative technology for enzyme production. The processing of raw materials results in the generation of agroindustrial wastes that can be used as substrates in SSF. The production of industrial enzymes, such as lipases, proteases, cellulases, and α-amylases, is an example of the potential application of wastes in SSF (Thomas et al, 2013; Martins et al, 2011). SSF is an attractive process for the cultivation of filamentous fungi because the solid substrates have characteristics similar to the natural fungal habitat, resulting in good growth and secretion of a wide range of enzymes (Castro & Sato, 2015; Chen et al, 2014). Microbial enzymes as lipase, cellulose, amylase and endo-β‐1,4-glucanase (CMCase) have been replaced plant and animal enzymes and been applied in many industries including foods, beverages, pharmaceuticals, detergents, textiles, leather, chemicals, biofuels, animal feed, personal care, pulp and paper, diagnostics, and therapy (Treichel et al, 2010; Behera & Ray, 2016; Dar et al, 2015)
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