Abstract
This paper reports a multi-channel neural spike recording system-on-chip with digital data compression and wireless telemetry. The circuit consists of 16 amplifiers, an analog time-division multiplexer, a single 8 bit analog-to-digital converter, a digital signal compression unit and a wireless transmitter. Although only 16 amplifiers are integrated in our current die version, the whole system is designed to work with 64, demonstrating the feasibility of a digital processing and narrowband wireless transmission of 64 neural recording channels. Compression of the raw data is achieved by detecting the action potentials (APs) and storing 20 samples for each spike waveform. This compression method retains sufficiently high data quality to allow for single neuron identification (spike sorting). The 400 MHz transmitter employs a Manchester-Coded Frequency Shift Keying (MC-FSK) modulator with low modulation index. In this way, a 1:25 Mbit/s data rate is delivered within a limited band of about 3 MHz. The chip is realized in a 0:35 µm AMS CMOS process featuring a 3 V power supply with an area of 3:1 x 2:7 mm2. The achieved transmission range is over 10 m with an overall power consumption for 64 channels of 17:2 mW. This figure translates into a power budget of 269 µW per channel, in line with published results but allowing a larger transmission distance and more efficient bandwidth occupation of the wireless link. The integrated circuit was mounted on a small and light board to be used during neuroscience experiments with freely-behaving rats. Powered by 2 AAA batteries, the system can continuously work for more than 100 hours allowing for long-lasting neural spike recordings.
Highlights
There is a growing need for wireless implantable neural recording systems that can simultaneously acquire neural signals from a large number of channels
In this paper we describes in detail the architecture and circuit design choices, the electrical performance of the integrated circuits (ICs) and the in vivo tests on small-laboratory animals
The system consists of a wireless recording unit, a receiver built with off-the-shelf modules to maximize its sensitivity plus a remote host complete of a graphical user interface (GUI) to allow neural signal visualization during in vivo experiments
Summary
Andrea Bonfanti 1, *, Maria Ceravolo 1,† , Guido Zambra 1,† , Riccardo Gusmeroli 1 , Gytis Baranauskas 2 , Gian Nicola Angotzi 2 , Alessandro Vato 2 , Emma Maggiolini 2 , Marianna Semprini 2 , Alessandro Sottocornola Spinelli 1 and Andrea Leonardo Lacaita 1. Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Via Golgi 40, Milano 20133, Italy. Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Department of Robotic, Brain and Cognitive Science, Genova 16163, Italy. Present address: STMicroelectronics, Via Tolomeo, Cornaredo 20010, Italy. Received: 11 June 2012; in revised form: 6 September 2012 / Accepted: 21 September 2012 /
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