A multicenter randomized comparison of paclitaxel-coated balloon with plain balloon angioplasty in patients with small vessel disease.

Abstract

We investigated the efficacy and safety of using paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB) to treat small vessel disease. In this multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial, one-hundred and thirty-five patients with native coronary lesions in small vessels were randomized into a PCB group and plain balloon angioplasty (POBA) group at a ratio of 2:1. There were no differences in target vessel failure (TVF) that was defined as cardiac death or target vessel-related myocardial infarction or target lesion revascularization (TLR), between the two groups (3.4 vs. 10.3%; P=0.20), and TLR was slightly lower in the PCB group (2.3%) than that in the POBA group (10.3%) during 24weeks follow-up. The late lumen loss (LLL) was significantly lower in the PCB group (0.01±0.31 vs. 0.32±0.34mm; P<0.01) and late lumen enlargement (LLE) was more frequently observed in the PCB group (48 vs. 15%; P<0.01) by angiographic follow-up after 24weeks. There were no cases of death, myocardial infarction, thrombosis and reocclusion in either group. This study was not able to demonstrate superiority of PCB compared with POBA.