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Abstract
AbstractTemporal trends of three phenoxyacid herbicides: 2,4‐D, dichlorprop and MCPA and the phenolic herbicide: bromoxynil, were determined in ambient air and precipitation over a 4‐yr period within a well‐defined watershed in southern Manitoba. Air concentrations ranged from below detection limits to 3.5, 1.0, 13, and 2.0 ng/m3, for 2,4‐D; dichlorprop; MCPA; and bromoxynil, respectively. The herbicides under investigation were four of the highest use herbicides in the South Tobacco Creek Watershed and were present in both air and precipitation samples at maximum concentrations during periods of local use. Concentration patterns for each herbicide in precipitation were similar each year of the study. Of the four herbicides, precipitation fluxes were greatest for MCPA in the watershed and the surrounding region. Although bromoxynil and dichlorprop were less widely used than 2,4‐D, bromoxynil precipitation fluxes exceeded those of 2,4‐D in 1993 and 1994, and dichlorprop precipitation fluxes were greater than 2,4‐D in 1994. Elevated levels of these herbicides in creek water samples were observed during periods of high concentration in both atmospheric compartments, despite the lack of surface runoff events within the watershed over that period.
Published Version
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