Abstract
Different skin pigments among various ethnic group people have an impact on spectrometric illumination on skin surface. To effectively capture photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals, a multi-wavelength opto-electronic patch sensor (OEPS) together with a schematic architecture of electronics were developed to overcome the drawback of present PPG sensor. To perform a better in vivo physiological measurement against skin pigments, optimal illuminations in OEPS, whose wavelength is compatible with a specific skin type, were optimized to capture a reliable physiological sign of heart rate (HR). A protocol was designed to investigate an impact of five skin types in compliance with Von Luschan’s chromatic scale. Thirty-three healthy male subjects between the ages of 18 and 41 were involved in the protocol implemented by means of the OEPS system. The results show that there is no significant difference (p: 0.09, F = 3.0) in five group tests with the skin types across various activities throughout a series of consistent measurements. The outcome of the present study demonstrates that the OEPS, with its multi-wavelength illumination characteristics, could open a path in multiple applications of different ethnic groups with cost-effective health monitoring.
Highlights
Pigments in various human skin types could affect signal quality in photoplethysmography (PPG) and could even make physiological measurements invalid
This study aims aims to investigate measurement effectiveness of multi-wavelength illumination based on to investigate measurement effectiveness of multi-wavelength illumination based on opto-electronic opto-electronic patch sensor (OEPS) against skin pigments using new electronic architecture with patch sensor (OEPS) against skin pigments using new electronic architecture with auto adaptive auto adaptive adjustment of signals
The optimal illumination to a designated skin type can be selected by a desired spectral wavelength from 525 nm to 870 nm, together with four channels with 16 light-emitting diodes (LEDs), through an auto-adaptive adjustment
Summary
Pigments in various human skin types could affect signal quality in photoplethysmography (PPG) and could even make physiological measurements invalid. The quality of PPG-based in vivo physiological monitoring is attributed to melanin concentration of skin and its related pigments of skin types [1]. Thereby, melanin in human skin is known to highly attenuate incident light with relevant wavelength illuminations [2]. Some researchers reported anecdotal errors (3–5%) in black skin [3]. Ink on skin and nail polish could cause errors during measurements [5]. Four different wavelength illuminations have attempted to optimize the measurements of heart rate (HR) by using a customized PPG setup on 23 healthy subjects with various skin types on PPG system [6]. The results showed that the 520 nm wavelength (green) illumination provided a significantly greater (p < 0.001)
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