Abstract
abstract: Carbonation is widely recognized as a cause of significant pathologies in reinforced concrete structures and different modelling strategies are presented in literature the simulate the phenomenon evolution. In opposition to the deleterious effect in reinforced concrete, for historical mortar made with aerial lime, the carbonation is essential for the hardening process. For both materials, carbonation process presents similarities. This work presents the background/implementation of an algorithm for a multi-physics simulation of the main fields associated with the carbonation process. This modelling was previously validated in literature. A 1D algorithm is implemented, using the Finite Difference Method. Its feasibility is demonstrated through the simulation of results presented in the literature. A parametric study is also shown considering the main parameters involved, important observation regarding the influence of the parameters on the carbonation depth are detailed.
Highlights
In reinforced concrete structures, over their service life, external deleterious substances may penetrate into concrete and find the rebars, altering the pore solution composition into aggressive conditions [1], [2]
Carbonation is a major cause of concrete structures deterioration, its evaluation should be carefully considered in the durability design of reinforced concrete structures [2]–[8]
The first model adopted to simulate the aerial lime mortar carbonation was shown by Ferretti and Bažant [21], for that reason, and considering the complexity involved and the requirements of information about the material, the strategy presented by Ferretti and Bažant [21] has been chosen for this work
Summary
Over their service life, external deleterious substances may penetrate (e.g. carbon dioxide, chloride, sulfate) into concrete and find the rebars, altering the pore solution composition into aggressive conditions [1], [2]. Some references are present in literature [10], [23]–[25] After this introduction, it should be highlighted that for both material (concrete and aerial lime-based mortars), several factor affect the process [26], such as: ambient relative humidity, concentration of carbon dioxide, surface protection, concrete permeability, water-binder ratio, time of exposure, and other [27], [28]. The first model adopted to simulate the aerial lime mortar carbonation was shown by Ferretti and Bažant [21], for that reason, and considering the complexity involved and the requirements of information about the material, the strategy presented by Ferretti and Bažant [21] has been chosen for this work (description may be see section). A general review about the modelling strategies and the complexities involved may be seen in literature [10]
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