Abstract
In Japan, residents of apartments are generally contracted to receive low voltage electricity from electric utilities. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of high voltage batch power receiving contracts for condominiums. In this research, a high voltage batch receiving contractor introduces a demand–response in a low voltage power receiving contract, which maximizes the profit of a high voltage batch receiving contractor and minimizes the electricity charge of residents by utilizing battery storage, electric vehicles (EV), and heat pumps. A multi-objective optimization algorithm calculates a Pareto solution for the relationship between two objective trade-offs in the MATLAB ® environment.
Highlights
The use of renewable energy resources is necessary to generate electricity to help mitigate environmental problems
Smart condominiums were proposed in which high voltage collective power receivers could reduce the electricity charges when they entered into high voltage power receiving contracts with electric power providers
In the proposed smart condominium, the high voltage power receivers could optimize the power flow at the interconnection point by optimizing the operation of storage batteries, electric vehicles (EV), and heat pumps installed in the condominium and further reduce the electric power purchased from the electric power company
Summary
The use of renewable energy resources is necessary to generate electricity to help mitigate environmental problems. In Japan, the introduction of renewable energies, photovoltaic (PV) systems, is rapidly expanding. PV has the disadvantage that its output power fluctuates depending on the weather conditions. PV cannot generate electricity at night or early in the morning due to the absence of the Sun. in order to supply electricity even during the period when PV cannot generate electricity, the use of battery storage is effective. Many researchers are working on a new home energy management system (HEMS)
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