A multi-institutional study of immunohistochemical investigation for the roles of cyclin D1 and E-cadherin in superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus*Members of the Research Committee on Clinical Application of Biological Property of Esophageal Cancers of the Japanese Society for Esophageal Diseases are: Hitoshi Shiozaki, MD, First Department of Surgery, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Hideaki Yamana, MD,

Abstract

Background and Objectives Aiming to clarify and possibly extend indications for minimally invasive treatment, we characterized superficial esophageal cancers (SEC) with respect to biologic properties regulating malignant potential. Methods Surgical specimens obtained at eight cancer institutes from 222 Japanese patients with SEC (all squamous cell carcinomas) were investigated immunohistochemically for expression of cyclin D1 and E-cadherin. Results Perturbations of cyclin D1 (overexpression) and E-cadherin (reduced expression) were observed in 37.6% (68 of 181) and 39.9% (71 of 178) of SEC patients. E-cadherin expression was more frequently reduced in cancers that invaded the submucosal layer, while cyclin D1 overexpression was constant, irrespective of depth of invasion. Overexpression of cyclin D1 was more frequent in poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, while E-cadherin did not vary according to histologic differentiation. Lymph node metastasis, the only independent postoperative prognostic factor in these patients, occurred in only 4.8% of mucosal cancers (2 of 42), but in 51.1% of submucosal cancers (92 of 180). However, neither cyclin D1 nor E-cadherin status affected lymph node metastasis. Conclusion Both E-cadherin and cyclin D1 play important roles in esophageal carcinogenesis, but neither can be used to identify patients who do not require lymph node dissection and might be treated by endoscopic mucosal resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;79:166–173. © 2002 Wiley–Liss, Inc.