Abstract
In this article, we propose two new routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. First one is AM-DisCNT (angular multi-hop distance–based clustering network transmission) protocol which uses circular deployment of sensors (nodes) for uniform energy consumption in the network. The protocol operates in such a way that nodes with maximum residual energy are selected as cluster heads for each round. Second one is iAM-DisCNT (improved AM-DisCNT) protocol which exploits both mobile and static base stations for throughput maximization. Besides the proposition of routing protocols, iAM-DisCNT is provided with three mathematical models: two linear-programming-based models for information flow maximization and packet drop rate minimization and one model for calculating energy consumption of nodes. Graphical analysis for linear-programming-based mathematical formulation is also part of this work. Simulation results show that AM-DisCNT has 32% and iAM-DisCNT has 48% improved stability period as compared to LEACH (low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) and DEEC (distributed energy-efficient clustering) routing protocols. Similarly, throughput of AM-DisCNT and iAM-DisCNT is improved by 16% and 80%, respectively, in comparison with the counterpart schemes.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of small, compact, and lightweight sensors called nodes
In order to cope with the problems stated in the introduction and motivation sections, we proposed a new proactive routing protocol, AM-DisCNT, for heterogeneous WSNs
AM-DisCNT routing protocol fixes both of these drawbacks by selecting one cluster head (CH) per round from each of the eight outer regions. iAM-DisCNT further extends the network lifetime by introducing mobile base station (BS). These results show that AM-DisCNT has approximately 32% and iAM-DisCNT has approximately 48% improved stability period as compared to LEACH and DEEC routing protocols, respectively
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of small, compact, and lightweight sensors called nodes. Our focus is on the network lifetime maximization and minimization of packet drop ratio For this purpose, two cluster-formation-based routing protocols for WSNs are presented: AM-DisCNT (angular multi-hop distance–based clustering network transmission) and iAM-DisCNT (improved AM-DisCNT). CHs are more penalized as compared to the MNs of clusters because they have to relay data of the MNs, and they deplete their energies soon To overcome this issue, another scheme iAM-DisCNT is proposed that is equipped with mobile BSs. Role of CH is shifted to mobile BS. Section ‘‘Extending AM-DisCNT: iAM-DisCNT’’ presents the details of AM-DisCNT protocol and contains explanation about the drawback of AM-DisCNT protocol and proposition of the second routing protocol ‘‘iAM-DisCNT’’ along with linearprogramming-based mathematical models for data flow maximization and packet drop minimization. Section ‘‘Conclusion and future work’’ concludes the article and states the future work
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