Abstract
The pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) technique is widely used due to its ease of implementation on portable devices such as smartphones. However, the position error that accumulates over time is the main drawback of this technology. In this paper, we propose a fusion method combining a PDR technique and the landmark recognition methods for multi-floor indoor environments using a smartphone in different holding styles. The proposed method attempts to calibrate the position of a pedestrian by detecting whether the pedestrian passes by specific locations called landmarks. Three kinds of landmarks are defined, which are the WiFi, the turning, and the stairs landmarks, and the detection methods for each landmark are proposed. Besides, an adaptive floor detection method using a barometer and a WiFi fingerprinting technique is suggested for tracking a pedestrian in a multi-floor building. The developed system can track the pedestrian holding a smartphone in four styles. The results of the experiment conducted by three subjects changing the holding style in a three-floor building show the superior performance of the proposed method. It reduces the error rate of positioning results to less than 57.51% compared with the improved PDR alone system.
Highlights
In recent years, the attention and demand for indoor location-based services have been increasing due to its wide range of applications such as emergency rescue and surveillance in buildings. e global navigation satellite system such as the global positioning system (GPS) typically works well for outdoor environments, but in the case of indoor ones, it fails to provide good results
Two types of indoor localization systems that attract a lot of attention are the radio-based methods and the dead reckoning technique for pedestrian localization, known as pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) [1]. e former can solve the localization problem in two ways: the triangulation and the fingerprint. e major limitations of this type of technique are time-consuming and expensive initial installation costs. e latter type, which uses inertial sensors to estimate the displacement of the user based on the user’s previous position, is a promising technique due to the absence of any infrastructure. e PDR
We propose a fusion method combining a PDR technique and the landmark recognition methods for multi-floor
Summary
The attention and demand for indoor location-based services have been increasing due to its wide range of applications such as emergency rescue and surveillance in buildings. e global navigation satellite system such as the global positioning system (GPS) typically works well for outdoor environments, but in the case of indoor ones, it fails to provide good results. E proposed method attempts to calibrate the position of a pedestrian by detecting whether he or she passes by specific locations called landmarks. A simple but robust floor detection method using a barometer and a WiFi fingerprinting technique is suggested. Due to this floor detection capability, the developed system can track a pedestrian walking in a multi-floor building. E method tries to track the position of a pedestrian holding a smartphone in four styles based on the outputs of an improved PDR and landmark recognition. Based on the experimental results, a comparative analysis was performed with other related approaches
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
