A multi-criteria optimization for a CCHP with the fuel cell as primary mover using modified Harris Hawks optimization

Abstract

ABSTRACT An effective way of increasing the effectiveness, energy use decline, and reducing emissions are the Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power (CCHP) system. In this paper, an optimization procedure based on a new modified metaheuristic method, called Modified Harris Hawks Optimization (MHHO) algorithm has been introduced for developing the efficiency of the Combined CHP system in with regards to the economics, environment, and thermodynamics assessment. The CCHP system includes a 5-kW Proton-Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell stack for increasing efficiency. To validate the capability of the suggested algorithm, it first verified by some different metaheuristics, and then, it is used for the optimization of the CCHP system. A comparison of the outcomes of the suggested MHHO algorithm with the basic HHO algorithm and also NSGA-II from the literature is carried out to show lower operating temperature, and higher relative humidity, greenhouse gas emission decline, exergy performance of the system, and pressure of inlet gases for the suggested method. Simulation results showed that by growing the current mass, the annual greenhouse gas value is amplified to the maximum value of 15.65 × 106 g at 896 mA/cm2 and is decreased until the power variation in the system has been equivalent. The results also indicated that the suggested MHHO algorithm gives maximum value for the annual GHG reduction of about 4.50 e6 g and 50.1% exergy efficiency during with 3.07e7 g annual cost decreasing.