Abstract
ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the levels of the macrophage marker sCD163 and other biomarkers at the time of diagnosis of patients with either clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), and assess relation to clinical indicators of prognosis, disease activity (DA), and changes in the levels of these biomarkers at follow‐up.Materials and MethodsThe clinical status and MRI were reevaluated in 56 patients more than 1 year after diagnosis with a median follow‐up time of 2 years. Levels of biomarkers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.ResultsThere was no significant difference in time to DA between patients with CIS and RRMS. A high sCD163 ratio (>0.07) was significantly (P = 0.04) associated with time to DA in the untreated patient group. In 21 patients reevaluated with serum and CSF samples, the sCD163 ratio levels decreased from 0.068 to 0.054 (P = 0.026) in the CIS/RRMS‐treated group. The CSF CXCL13, CXCL13 ratio, CSF neurofilament light polypeptide and osteopontin levels also decreased significantly in the CIS/RRMS‐treated group.ConclusionsThe levels of all biomarkers changed concurrently with MS treatment. The sCD163 ratio was identified as a potential novel marker for time to DA.
Highlights
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is generally assumed to be an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) with inflammation and neurodegeneration as key elements in MS pathology (Frischer et al 2009)
This study focuses on this specific combination of biomarkers for both neurodegeneration and inflammation, as diagnostic markers and as novel markers potentially substantiating the prediction of prognosis and the monitoring of disease activity (DA) in MS
Patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) showed less progression during the first 12 months compared to patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) (Fig. 2A), there was no significant difference in time to DA over the entire study period (P = 0.87)
Summary
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is generally assumed to be an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) with inflammation and neurodegeneration as key elements in MS pathology (Frischer et al 2009). MS Multi-Biomarker Follow-Up Study at the time of diagnosis of MS (Stilund et al 2014). We published an analysis of the diagnostic properties of sCD163 in relation to other biomarkers of inflammation and neurodegeneration in MS (Stilund et al 2015). This study focuses on this specific combination of biomarkers for both neurodegeneration and inflammation, as diagnostic markers and as novel markers potentially substantiating the prediction of prognosis and the monitoring of disease activity (DA) in MS
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