Abstract
How to obtain the optimal decision-making scheme based on the investment behavior of various stakeholders is an important issue that needs to be solved urgently in incremental distribution network planning. To this end, this article introduces the virtual player “Nature” to realize the combination of the game theory and robust optimization and proposes an incremental distribution network source–load–storage collaborate planning method with a multi-agent game. First, the planning and decision-making models of a DG investment operator, a distribution network (DN) company, power consumers, and a distributed energy storage (DES) investment operator are constructed, respectively. Then the static game behaviors between the DG investment operator and distribution network company, as well as the DG investment operator and the DES investment operator, are analyzed based on the transfer relations between these four participants. At the same time, robust optimization is used to deal with the uncertainty of the DG output, and the virtual player “Nature” is introduced to study the dynamic game behavior between the DG investment operator and the distribution company. Finally, a dynamic–static joint game planning model is proposed. The simulation results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Highlights
With the steady progress of pilot reform, incremental distribution business in China began to become open to social capital (Liu and Yang, 2021)
Case 3: Incremental distribution network planning using game theory with considering the uncertainty of distributed generation (DG) output, that is, the game model established in this study
It can be seen that optimal planning schemes of the DG investment operator and the distributed energy storage (DES) investment operator are the same in Cases 2 and 3 but different from those in Case 1, and the planning results of the distribution network company in the three scenarios are disparate
Summary
With the steady progress of pilot reform, incremental distribution business in China began to become open to social capital (Liu and Yang, 2021). Su et al (2016) analyzed the cost–benefit relationship between DG investment operators and distribution network companies after the access of DGs, establishing the model of optimizing DG capacity. The benefits or costs of different entities are modeled independently in the aforementioned article, the whole planning model is based on the overall rationality, aiming for optimizing the weighted sum, rather than the independent optimization of each investment entity This cannot inflect the market mechanism of the actual incremental distribution network, deteriorating its economic performance (Liao et al, 2018). Based on the complete information from the dynamic game theory, Mei et al (2011) took photovoltaic, energy storage, and power grid as game participants, analyzed the game relationship between them in the market environment, and established a coordinated planning model of the optical storage network. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified in a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution network system
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