Abstract
A series of commercially available iron-containing pigments (red or yellow ochre and green earths) has been primarily investigated by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy. The quantitative distribution of iron among various sites, and the iron(II) to iron(III) ratio were determined. FT-IR, SEM and EDX microscopy and XRD diffractometry have also been used for a more appropriate analytical identification and physico-chemical classification of the examined pigments. The pigments were divided into various groups according to their physico-chemical properties and compared with the data obtained on wall painting samples, prepared in the laboratory as reference, and on fragments from frescoes by Piero della Francesca (S. Francesco Church in Arezzo), G.F. Bembo, G. Romanino, R. Boccacino (Cathedral in Cremona) and G. Vasari and F. Zuccari (Cathedral in Florence). It was found that the commercially available samples, although synthetic, are not pure products and may contain additional compounds or additional iron derivatives.
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