Abstract
Abstract The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) defines a wireless network standard for high packet transmission rate and low packet latency provisions. Handover is one of the important features for helping user equipments (UEs) to roam between LTE networks. However, LTE networks adapt a make-before-break handover procedure, which may cause a brief disconnection, therefore results in the packet transmission delay and packet loss problems. In this paper, we propose a moving direction prediction-assisted handover scheme for LTE networks to lower the number of handovers. We first track the location of user equipments (UEs) to predict their moving direction. By referencing previous locations, the next moving direction of UEs is estimated with the cosine function in order to determine the candidate E-UTRAN NodeBs (eNBs) for handover. Then, a target eNB is selected from the candidate eNBs through an angle-based dynamic weight adjustment scheme. By selecting a proper target eNB for handover, thus the quality of network transmission can be enhanced. Simulation results demonstrate the ability of the proposed scheme in reducing 17% average handover times, compared with the standard handover procedure, thereby reducing 12% average number of packet loss and 5% average packet delay time.
Highlights
To meet the increasing demand of wireless data services, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has proposed UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) Long Term Evolution (LTE) [1]
There is a risk of the handover fail which may result in a radio link failure in LTE networks, because it adopts a hard handover scheme
It leads to transmission delay, packet loss, and signal overhead, which may seriously affect the performance of a real-time application
Summary
To meet the increasing demand of wireless data services, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has proposed UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) Long Term Evolution (LTE) [1]. A moving direction prediction-assisted handover mechanism As UEs move around the signal coverage of LTE networks, the terrain may influence the received signal power, especially when UEs locate far away its serving eNB. Since too many candidate eNBs will increase the probability of unnecessary handover, UEs waste power to do unnecessary measurement reports from these filtered candidate eNBs. once the main moving direction of each UE is predicted and the candidate eNBs is filtered, the target eNB is selected with a dynamic weight adjustment scheme as shown in Algorithm 2. If the radio signal strength of the target eNB is larger than the serving eNB plus a predefined hysteresis value, and last for TTT duration in line 22, the handover procedure is activated in line 23. Value 2 GHz 5 MHz −174 dBm/Hz 9 dB 46 dBm 25 180 kHz 1 ms 57 19 sites, 3 sector per site 20 s 3, 30, 120, and 150 km/h Random waypoint Proportional fair
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