Abstract
A mononuclear ruthenium(II) complex, trans-[Ru(Hmel)2(dmso)2], was synthesized and characterized. The DNA- and BSA-binding properties of the mono-anionic meloxicam (Hmel−) ligand and its Ru(II) complex were investigated under physiological conditions. The interaction of the Hmel− ligand and the Ru(II) complex with fish sperm DNA were explored through UV–Vis spectroscopy, emission titration, and viscosity measurement. The results reveal that the mono-anionic Hmel− ligand binds to DNA through intercalation between the base pairs of double-stranded DNA, while the complex interacts with DNA through electrostatic or/and groove (major and minor) binding modes. The values of Kb for the DNA–Hmel− and DNA-complex systems indicate that the complex has stronger tendency to bind with DNA than the free Hmel− ligand. Both compounds interact with BSA and change its microenvironment during interaction. The values of quenching constants (Ksv) and binding constants (Kb) of both compounds with BSA show that the Ru(II) complex has more affinity for BSA. The in vitro cytotoxicity testes of Hmel− and trans-[Ru(Hmel)2(dmso)2] against the Jurkat, NB4, and CT-26 human cell lines demonstrated reasonable cytotoxicities. Furthermore, the binding of both compounds to DNA and BSA was modeled by molecular docking method.
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