Abstract
Integrated photonic circuits are one of the most promising platforms for large-scale photonic quantum information systems due to their small physical size and stable interferometers with near-perfect lateral-mode overlaps. Since many quantum information protocols are based on qubits defined by the polarization of photons, we must develop integrated building blocks to generate, manipulate, and measure the polarization-encoded quantum state on a chip. The generation unit is particularly important. Here we show the first integrated polarization-entangled photon pair source on a chip. We have implemented the source as a simple and stable silicon-on-insulator photonic circuit that generates an entangled state with 91 ± 2% fidelity. The source is equipped with versatile interfaces for silica-on-silicon or other types of waveguide platforms that accommodate the polarization manipulation and projection devices as well as pump light sources. Therefore, we are ready for the full-scale implementation of photonic quantum information systems on a chip.
Highlights
Integrated photonic circuits are one of the most promising platforms for large-scale photonic quantum information systems due to their small physical size and stable interferometers with near-perfect lateral-mode overlaps
There have been no fully integrated polarization entanglement sources that generate photon pairs entangled inside the chip; the feature is necessary for a practical integrated quantum information processing (QIP) system
We experimentally demonstrate the first polarization entanglement source that is fully integrated as a silicon photonic circuit
Summary
Integrated photonic circuits are one of the most promising platforms for large-scale photonic quantum information systems due to their small physical size and stable interferometers with near-perfect lateral-mode overlaps. Since many quantum information protocols are based on qubits defined by the polarization of photons, we must develop integrated building blocks to generate, manipulate, and measure the polarization-encoded quantum state on a chip. Qubits are the quintessential resource for photonic quantum information processing (QIP), which provides a fundamentally new approach to communication[1], metrology[2], simulation[3,4,5], and computation[6,7,8] Of these quantum states the polarization-encoded state is a true two-level photonic system, which is easy to manipulate with bulk optics such as waveplates. It will allow us to implement a wealth of the QIP protocols To accomplish such polarizationencoded QIP systems, it is essential to develop integrated subsystems to generate, manipulate, and measure polarization-encoded quantum states on a single chip. Current optical communication technologies require sophisticated polarization diversity technologies[29,30], which potentially solve the problem of integrating the polarization entanglement source
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