Abstract
To the Editor: In their Shattuck Lecture (Sept. 4 issue),1 Kandel and Kandel share evidence of a biochemical basis by which the use of nicotine enhances the addictive potential of cocaine. The experiments they report measured addiction-related behaviors and molecular markers of addiction in mice. However, before we conclude that nicotine is a biochemical gateway drug, it is important to compare the effect size of the biochemical properties of nicotine against the enormity and ubiquity of social factors associated with tobacco products. Whether tobacco use is causal of, or only associated with, future drug use remains a central question. Kandel . . .
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