Abstract
In 1982, the first exotic ℝ4 was discovered—a smooth manifold homeomorphic to ℝ4, but not diffeomorphic to it. The object shocked topologists by its open defiance of the rules of high-dimensional smoothing theory. The exotic ℝ4 was constructed by connecting the two powerful machines of Freedman [4] and Donaldson [2] to earlier work of Casson [1].
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