A module to convert spectral to narrowband snow albedo for use in climate models: SNOWBAL v1.2

Christiaan T Van Dalum,Michiel R Van Den Broeke,Willem Jan Van De Berg,Quentin Libois,Ghislain Picard

doi:10.5194/gmd-12-5157-2019

Abstract

Abstract. Snow albedo schemes in regional climate models often lack a sophisticated radiation penetration scheme and generally compute only a broadband albedo. Here, we present the Spectral-to-NarrOWBand ALbedo module (SNOWBAL, version 1.2) to couple effectively a spectral albedo model with a narrowband radiation scheme. Specifically, the Two-streAm Radiative TransfEr in Snow model (TARTES) is coupled with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecast System (IFS), cycle 33R1, atmospheric radiation scheme based on the Rapid Radiation Transfer Model, which is embedded in the Regional Atmospheric Climate Model version 2.3p2 (RACMO2). This coupling allows to explicitly account for the effect of clouds, water vapor, snow impurities and snow metamorphism on albedo. Firstly, we present a narrowband albedo method to project the spectral albedos of TARTES onto the 14 spectral bands of the IFS shortwave radiation scheme using a representative wavelength (RW) for each band. Using TARTES and spectral downwelling surface irradiance derived with the DIScrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer atmospheric model, we show that RWs primarily depend on the solar zenith angle (SZA), cloud content and water vapor. Secondly, we compare the TARTES narrowband albedo, using offline RACMO2 results for south Greenland, with the broadband albedo parameterizations of Gardner and Sharp (2010), currently implemented in RACMO2, and the multi-layered parameterization of Kuipers Munneke et al. (2011, PKM). The actual absence of radiation penetration in RACMO2 leads on average to a higher albedo compared with TARTES narrowband albedo. Furthermore, large differences between the TARTES narrowband albedo and PKM and RACMO2 are observed for high SZA and clear-sky conditions, and after melt events when the snowpack is very inhomogeneous. This highlights the importance of accounting for spectral albedo and radiation penetration to simulate the energy budget of the Greenland ice sheet.

Highlights

The absorption of shortwave solar radiation is a major contributor to the energy budget of snow and ice (Van den Broeke et al, 2005; Gardner and Sharp, 2010; Stroeve et al, 2013; He et al, 2018)
This study presents the simple, yet effective SNOWBAL module to couple a spectral snow albedo model with narrowband atmospheric radiation schemes
A representative wavelength is computed for each spectral band to incorporate sub-band irradiance and albedo variations

Summary

Introduction

The absorption of shortwave solar radiation is a major contributor to the energy budget of snow and ice (Van den Broeke et al, 2005; Gardner and Sharp, 2010; Stroeve et al, 2013; He et al, 2018). Over fresh snow, this energy absorption is limited due to the high reflectivity, i.e., albedo, of fine-grained snow, but it becomes significant for darker, older snow and glacial ice. Over fresh snow, this energy absorption is limited due to the high reflectivity, i.e., albedo, of fine-grained snow, but it becomes significant for darker, older snow and glacial ice This strong dependency of the albedo on the surface snow and ice properties is the driving mechanism of the melt–albedo feedback (e.g., Van As et al, 2013). Accurate representation of the albedo is essential for a reliable estimate of the energy budget, grain size and melt–albedo feedback of a snowpack (Picard et al, 2012; Van Angelen et al, 2012).

Methods

Discussion

Conclusion