Abstract
In this paper, a cell balancing topology for a series-connected Lithium-Ion battery string (SCBS) in electric vehicles is proposed and experimentally verified. In particular, this balancing topology based on the modular balancer consists of an intra-module balancer based on a multi-winding transformer circuit and an outer-module balancer based on a switched capacitor converter, both offering the potential advantages and over conventional balancing methods, including short equalization time, simple control scheme, elimination of voltage sensors. In addition, a number of cells in the SCBS can be easily extended in this circuit. Furthermore, a system structure and an operating principle of the proposed topology are analyzed and experimentally verified for three different cases. The voltages of all cells in the SCBS reached the balanced state regardless of the various arrangement of the initial voltage, where the energy efficiency of the circuit reached 83.31%. Our experimental realization of the proposed balancing topology shows that such a technique could be employed in electric vehicles.
Highlights
For the past decades, the series-connected battery string (SCBS) has been widely used in several applications of energy storage systems for electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), subway and electric railroad [1,2,3,4,5,6] that require high voltage and capacity
Balancing circuit the demonstrates the since thevalue voltages gradually reach
The results cases indicate that the the cellsvoltages achieved state regardless of the various arrangement of the on the different cases indicate that the cells achieved the balanced state regardless of the various initial voltage of all the cells
Summary
The series-connected battery string (SCBS) has been widely used in several applications of energy storage systems for electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), subway and electric railroad [1,2,3,4,5,6] that require high voltage and capacity. The battery lifetime and the energy storage capacity are decreased due to an unbalance of the SCBS generated through the repeated charge and discharge operation. This imbalance can lead to fire and/or explosion in the worst case [7]. The series-connected battery string in EVs needs to be balanced with the voltage [8]. In the case of the external sources, multi-rank rack protection Integrated circuits (ICs) primarily lead the unequal charge from the various series ranks in the pack [8]
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