A Modified Nutrient Film Technique System Offers a More Uniform Nutrient Supply to Plants

Abstract

In nutrient film technique (NFT) vegetable production, the use of low-concentration nutrient solutions might lead to a nutrient concentration gradient along the bed, which can translate into nonuniform plant growth. The authors modified a conventional NFT system (cNFT) and propose a modified NFT (mNFT) that enables the production of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) plants of uniform fresh weight along elongated cultural beds. Two experiments were carried out to compare the systems when long cultural beds are used (18 m) in terms of uniformity of plant and nutrient solution characteristics. The results indicated that fresh weight of plants in cNFT decreased as the distance from the nutrient inlet increased, whereas no such trend was observed in mNFT. Leaf nitrate concentration in mNFT was uniform, whereas it was higher near the outlet of cNFT. Ascorbic acid concentration was also uniform in mNFT, but it was found to be lower near the outlet of cNFT. During Expt. 2, the oxygen content along the bed decreased from inlet to outlet in cNFT; however, in mNFT, it remained relatively constant at all sampling positions. Regarding the concentration of the nutrient solution along beds, no significant differences were found between inlet and outlet in both systems. It is suggested that the lower concentration of oxygen found at the outlet of cNFT might have reduced nutrient uptake, thus attenuating the difference in concentration between inlet and outlet. The temperatures of the nutrient solution along mNFT during Expt. 2 tended to be slightly lower than those of cNFT. However, temperatures were still too high and plant growth was negatively affected. The results of this study demonstrate that plants of uniform size and quality can be achieved in long cultural beds (up to 18 m long) supplied with a low-concentration fertilizer solution by using the proposed mNFT.