A Modified Murine Calvarial Osteolysis Model Exposed to Ti Particles in Aseptic Loosening.

Zhantao Deng,Shuai Wang,Mengyuan Li,Guangtao Fu,Yuanchen Ma,Feng-Juan Lyu,Shuxian Li,Chang Liu,Qiujian Zheng,Jiewen Jin

doi:10.1155/2020/3403489

Abstract

Aim To investigate the different effects on osteolysis between commercial pure Ti particles and TiAl6V4 particles obtained from prosthesis of patients with aseptic loosening. Method Scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction were used for the size test, chemical composition test, and phase analysis of two kinds of Ti particles. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and 3-dimensional reconstruction analysis were applied to analyze the bone loss quantitatively and radiologically. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining were used to assess the histologic difference. Result TiAl6V4 particles were constituted by FeO, Al45V7, and Al3Ti while pure Ti particles were constituted by Ti, Ti3O, and C4H7NO3. Similar particle size of nanoscale was detected of two Ti particles. A TiAl6V4 osteolysis model had more severe bone loss when scanned with micro-CT and assessed by quantitative analysis. TiAl6V4 also presented deeper and wider calvarial bone loss in HE staining and more activated osteoclasts in TRAP staining. Conclusion A mouse calvarial model is the most effective animal model for the primary in vivo research of aseptic loosening. Compared with commercial Ti particles, TiAl6V4 particles derived from prosthesis of an aseptic loosening patient had more severe bone loss and more activated osteoclast, which was more consistent with pathogenesis of aseptic loosening in vivo, had high success rate of establishment of a model, and was more desired in animal modeling.

Highlights

Total joint replacement (TJR) is a highly successful procedure to manage the pain and disability resulted from osteoarthritis and fractures, and there are about 1.5 million TJR procedures performed worldwide each year [1]
When analyzed with X-ray diffraction, the main phases of TiAl6V4 particles were constituted by FeO, Al45V7, and Al3Ti while pure Ti particles were constituted by Ti, Ti3O, and C4H7NO3 (Figure 3)
The data from the present study revealed that compared with the commercial pure Ti osteolysis model, the TiAl6V4 osteolysis model had more severe bone loss when scanned with

Summary

Introduction

Total joint replacement (TJR) is a highly successful procedure to manage the pain and disability resulted from osteoarthritis and fractures, and there are about 1.5 million TJR procedures performed worldwide each year [1]. The release of biomaterial wear particles from prosthesis, which caused inflammatory response in bone microenvironment, is a recognized pathogenesis [3]. Since it takes long time of follow-up to detect aseptic loosening in clinical cases, more studies focus on cellular and tissue mechanisms, in which valid in vivo models are urgently needed. Due to the ability to test the host response in an orthotopic bone site, the rapidity in developing osteolysis, the availability of quantified images of bone loss, and the relatively low cost, the calvarial model is the most widely used for the study of particle-induced osteolysis [5]

Methods

Results

Conclusion