A modified method for removal and stabilization of cesium metal in the vitrified matrix

Abstract

Laboratory experiments were designed to investigate the separation and stabilization of cesium metal. Cesium was removed from simulated waste through sorption under certain physicochemical conditions. Silica sand (locally purchased) was used to remove cesium from simulated liquid waste. The range of pH and temperature was optimized and maximum removal (94–98%) of cesium was achieved with pH 10 at the temperature 36°C. Under optimized conditions with a temperature range of 301–315K ΔH, ΔSand ΔG309 K for 150 ppm solution are −27.22 ± 0.18 KJ/mol, −74.1 ± 0.96 J/mol and −3071 ± 2.1 KJ/mol respectively, and for 200 ppm solution thermodynamic entities are ΔH = −20.2 ± 0.20 KJ/mol, ΔS = −47.86 ± 0.66 J/mol and ΔG301 K = −4344 ± 3.7 KJ/mol. The sorbed metal ion has chances of desorption under changed physicochemical conditions in final disposal. To overcome this problem the final “secondary waste (metals on sorbents)” was stabilized by converting it into a stable vitreous borosilicate matrix through the vitrification process to prevent leaching. It was found that the sorbed cesium was evaporated during heating at 1250°C. The evaporation of cesium during vitrification was overcome by modifying the process. This modified vitrification process is found excellent to immobilize the sorbed cesium. Stability was tested by desorption attempts at different pH.