Abstract
The primary halo of the strata-bound PbZnFeS 2 deposit shows an evident strata-bound nature. Its stratiform feature and vertically asymmetrical zoning indicate that both halo- and ore-forming processes were controlled by sedimentary environments and lithological facies. In a reducing sea basin, the reduction of sulphate by anaerobic bacteria to produce S 2− as a precipitator is the principal reaction for the halo-ore-forming process. From thermodynamic calculations it is concluded that the average salinity of the sea basin during sulphide ore precipitation was 70‰, the pH of sea water was 7.08, and Eh ranged from −0.23 to −0.42 V on the PbZnFeS 2 deposit, Jashenpan, China. Insufficient compensation of the subsidence-deposition balance, caused by paleotectonic movement in the sea basin, is a favourable condition for the concentration of sulphide minerals. Prospecting indicators proposed for these ore deposits are the interlayering between argillaceous dolomite and carbonaceous slate, abundant organic carbon, and primary anomalous concentration of Pb, Zn, Hg, As, Mn and F with asymmetric zoning.
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