A Model of Dark Matter and Dark Energy Based on Relativizing Newton’s Physics

In this work, I shall figure out the general structure of dark fabric matter, and the direct interactions of the celestial objects, ordinary matter, and ordinary energy with dark fabric matter and energy. Dark Fabric matter and energy is a hidden dimension of the parallel universes, visible Universe, galaxies, Atoms, molecules, ordinary matter, celestial objects, stellar systems, and Planetary systems. The Main Structure of Dark fabric matter consists of the Dark matter particles called Fabriton particles, Dark Matter Strings, and Dark Matter Webs. The dark matter particles are named fabriton particles. Fabriton means Fast actively binding reacting in total objects naturally. Fabriton is a good proposed name for dark matter particles to be recognized among subatomic particles. The mystery of Dark matter and the dark energy could be solved here entirely. Einstein and Newton built clear mathematical equations to describe the nature of gravity, after them many other people worked warmly to resolve the reality of gravity, dark matter, and dark energy. Gravity is the ripples, curvatures, gravitational waves, and tunnels that form rapidly in the structure of dark fabric matter and energy when celestial objects and ordinary matter particles pass through it directly.

There are not necessarily dark matter and dark energy in the solar system, and dark energy cannot distribute uniformly in the whole space. Based on Dirac negative energy, Einstein mass-energy relation and principle of equivalence, we proposed the negative matter as the simplest model of unified dark matter and dark energy. All theories are known, only mass includes positive and negative. Because there is repulsion between positive matter and negative matter, so which is invisible dark matter, and repulsion as dark energy. It may explain many phenomena of dark matter and dark energy. We derive that the rotational velocity of galaxy is approximate constant, and an evolutional ratio between total matter and usual matter from 1 to present 11.82 or 7.88. We calculate the accelerated expansion at 9.760 billion years. Further, the mechanism of inflation is origin of positive-negative matters created from nothing, whose expansion is exponential due to strong interactions at small microscopic scales. We propose specifically some possible ways on observe dark matter in the Milky Way. Many observatories should be able to observe these results. Final, we research some basic problems in cosmology: Possible mechanism of missing antimatter, the origins of mass and charge, etc. The negative matter as a candidate of unified dark matter and dark energy is not only the simplest, and is calculable, observable and testable, and may be changed and developed.

Less than 5% of the current energy content of the Universe is contained in Standard Model (SM) particles; the remaining 95% is made up of dark matter and dark energy. Both dark matter and dark energy have only been detected through their gravitational interactions, and their properties require the introduction of new, beyond-SM physics. A promising regime to search for new physics is in high-energy environments like that of the Universe's first second. We investigate how a theory of modified gravity that aims to explain dark energy behaves in the early Universe and how the production method of dark matter in the early Universe could effect the formation of structure. The dark energy model we consider is chameleon gravity, in which a light scalar field that couples to the trace of the stress-energy tensor in such a way that its mass depends on the ambient density, and makes it difficult to detect in high-density environments. We consider a chameleon field with a quartic potential and show that the scale-free nature of this potential allows the chameleon to avoid the problems encountered by other chameleon theories during the Universe's first second. We then determine how producing dark matter particles with relativistic velocities via the decay of heavier particles impacts the dark matter velocity distribution function and the growth of structure. We find that the free streaming of these dark matter particles can prevent structure formation on subgalactic scales. Therefore, current observations of small-scale structure put an upper limit on the velocity of the dark matter particles at their creation. Finally, we investigate whether these limits can be relaxed in the presence of scattering interactions between the dark matter and SM particles.

We have considered a cosmological model of holographic dark energy interacting with dark matter and another unknown component of dark energy of the universe. We have assumed two interaction terms Q and Q′ in order to include the scenario in which the mutual interaction between the two principal components (i.e., holographic dark energy and dark matter) of the universe leads to some loss in other forms of cosmic constituents. Our model is valid for any sign of Q and Q′. If Q<Q′, then part of the dark energy density decays into dark matter and the rest in the other unknown energy density component. But if Q>Q′, then dark matter energy receives from dark energy and from the unknown component of dark energy. Observation suggests that dark energy decays into dark matter. Here we have presented a general prescription of a cosmological model of dark energy which imposes mutual interaction between holographic dark energy, dark matter and another fluid. We have obtained the equation of state for the holographic dark energy density which is interacting with dark matter and other unknown component of dark energy. Using first law of thermodynamics, we have obtained the entropies for holographic dark energy, dark matter and other component of dark energy, when holographic dark energy interacting with two fluids (i.e., dark matter and other component of dark energy). Also we have found the entropy at the horizon when the radius (L) of the event horizon measured on the sphere of the horizon. We have investigated the GSL of thermodynamics at the present time for the universe enveloped by this horizon. Finally, it has been obtained validity of GSL which implies some bounds on deceleration parameter q.

Dark matter and dark energy are used as two important concepts in cosmology to explain some of the observed phenomena in the universe. Dark matter is one of the most dominant constituents of the Universe, and it influences the structural formation of the Universe through gravity, including the formation and evolution of galaxies, clusters, and the large-scale structure of the Universe. Dark energy is believed to be one of the causes of the accelerated expansion of the Universe, and its presence explains the observed phenomenon of the accelerating rate of expansion of the Universe. Although their existence has not been directly observed, people understand through the study of the structure and evolution of the universe that they play an important role in the universe. This paper first introduces the background knowledge of dark matter and its related properties and explains the reasons why three types of models, namely WIMP, axion, and sterile neutrino, are candidates for dark matter in the light of existing observations. The paper then discusses the relevant properties of dark energy and analyses the mainstream dark energy models. For the cosmological constant mode, the fine-tuning problem and cosmic coincidence problem it faces are analysed in detail. The evolution of the dark energy equation of state from the past &gt;-1 to the present &lt;-1 is then explained, and this is used to introduce the scalar field model involving dynamic, the Chaplygin gas model, the holographic dark energy model, and the interacting dark energy model.

The parameters governing the standard Λ cold dark matter cosmological model have been constrained with unprecedented accuracy by precise measurements of the cosmic microwave background by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and Planck satellites. Each new data release has refined further our knowledge of quantities – such as the matter density parameter ΩM – that are imprinted on the dark matter halo mass function (HMF), a powerful probe of dark matter and dark energy models. In this Letter, we trace how changes in the cosmological parameters over the last decade have influenced uncertainty in our knowledge of the HMF. We show that this uncertainty has reduced significantly since the third WMAP data release, but the rate of this reduction is slowing. This is limited by uncertainty in the normalization σ8, whose influence is most pronounced at the high-mass end of the mass function. Interestingly, we find that the accuracy with which we can constrain the HMF in terms of the cosmological parameters has now reached the point at which it is comparable to the scatter in HMF fitting functions. This suggests that the power of the HMF as a precision probe of dark matter and dark energy hinges on more accurate determination of the theoretical HMF. Finally, we assess prospects of using the HMF to differentiate between cold and warm dark matter models based on ongoing improvements in measurements of ΩM, and we comment briefly on optimal survey strategies for constraining dark matter and dark energy models using the HMF.

We consider the interaction between dark matter and dark energy in the framework of holographic dark energy, and propose a natural and physically plausible form of interaction, in which the interacting term is proportional to the product of the powers of the dark matter and dark energy densities. We investigate the cosmic evolution in such models. The impact of the coupling on the dark matter and dark energy components may be asymmetric. While the dark energy decouples from the dark matter at late time, just as other components of the cosmic fluid become decoupled as the universe expands, interestingly, the dark matter may actually become coupled to the dark energy at late time. We shall name such a phenomenon as "incoupling". We use the latest type Ia supernovae data from the SCP team, baryon acoustics oscillation data from SDSS and 2dF surveys, and the position of the first peak of the CMB angular power spectrum to constrain the model. We find that the interaction term which is proportional to the the first power product of the dark energy and dark matter densities gives excellent fit to the current data.

Dark energy and dark matter

Effective dark energy equation of state in interacting dark energy models

The Generalization of the Periodic Table: The 'Periodic Table' of 'Dark Matter'

The paper brings a novel approach to unification of dark matter and dark energy in terms of a cosmic fluid. A model is introduced in which the cosmic fluid speed of sound squared is defined as a function of its equation of state (EoS) parameter. It is shown how logarithmic part of this function results in dynamical regimes previously not observed in cosmic fluid models. It is shown that in a particular dynamical regime the model behaves as a unification of dark matter and phantom dark energy. Further, it is shown that the model may describe dark matter - dark energy unification in which dark energy asymptotically behaves as dark energy with a constant EoS parameter larger than −1. In a specific parameter regime the unified fluid model also reproduces global expansion similar to ΛCDM model with fluid speed of sound vanishing for small scale factor values and being small, or even vanishing, for large scale factor values. Finally, it is shown how the model may be instrumental in describing the cosmic fluid dark matter-dark energy-dark matter unification. Physical constraints on model parameters yielding such transient dark energy behavior are obtained.

The dark side of the universe: from Zwicky to accelerated expansion

The dark sector of the Universe need not be completely separable into distinct dark matter and dark energy components. We consider a model of early dark energy in which the dark energy mimics a dark matter component in both evolution and perturbations at early times. Barotropic aether dark energy scales as a fixed fraction, possibly greater than one, of the dark matter density and has vanishing sound speed at early times before undergoing a transition. This gives signatures not only in cosmic expansion but in sound speed and inhomogeneities, and in number of effective neutrino species. Model parameters describe the timing, sharpness of the transition, and the relative abundance at early times. Upon comparison with current data, we find viable regimes in which the dark energy behaves like dark matter at early times: for transitions well before recombination the dark energy to dark matter fraction can equal or exceed unity, while for transitions near recombination the ratio can only be a few percent. After the transition, dark energy goes its separate way, ultimately driving cosmic acceleration and approaching a cosmological constant in this scenario.

The article proves that the version of the special relativity theory (SRT) that is taught in all physics textbooks is incorrect, since the relativistic formulas obtained in it are incorrect and they are incorrectly explained using the incorrect principle of not exceeding the speed of light. These formulas also lead to incorrect conclusions about the physical unreality of imaginary numbers and the existence in nature of only our visible universe. A corrected version of the SRT is presented and it is explained that the argument ‘speed’ in the corrected relativistic formulas is, in accordance with Newton’s first law, the fourth spatial dimension[1]. The principle of the physical reality of imaginary numbers is experimentally proven, which refutes the principle of not exceeding the speed of light. It is shown that the SRT, on the one hand, and radio engineering, electrical engineering and computer engineering, on the other hand, mutually refute each other. It is explained that in nature, in addition to our visible universe, there are many mutually invisible, since they are in different dimensions, universes and anti-universes, which are dark matter and dark energy. This explains the well-known properties of dark matter and dark energy - their invisibility and the absence of corpuscular content. Therefore no studies at the Large Hadron Collider can explain the phenomena of dark matter and dark energy. It is explained also that in the anti-universes of such an invisible Multiverse there is anti-matter and anti-time. Therefore, time travel is possible in it. Time travel is also available to people on Earth. [1] Not to be confused with the fourth dimension in four-dimensional space-time (Minkowski space).

The universe is a mysterious and vast space, hiding many mysteries that we have not yet fully understood. Two enigmatic yet significant cosmic phenomena are dark matter and dark energy. One or more new particles that interact extremely weakly with regular matter and neither produce nor absorb electromagnetic radiation are possible components of dark matter. In the 1990s, cosmologists noticed an increase in the rate of the universe’s expansion through data from distant supernova explosions, which led them to first propose the existence of dark energy. People’s conventional concept of the universe’s development was completely upended by this finding. Although they cannot be directly observed, they influence the evolution of the universe through their gravitational and anti-gravitational effects. As of right now, the dark energy theory is the most commonly accepted explanation for the observed acceleration of cosmic expansion. Understanding the nature of matter and its mysteries is aided by research on dark matter and dark energy, which also throws light on the universe’s beginnings and history. The ideas, characteristics, and effects of dark matter and dark energy on the cosmos will be briefly discussed in this article.