Abstract
Marine impact pile driving generates very high underwater sound pressures that can be harmful to aquatic life. Environmental assessments for pile driving projects typically require advance estimates of acoustic impact zones for marine mammals and fish. A computer model has been developed to predict the radiated acoustic field from impact driving of cylindrical piles. The stress wave in the pile is predicted using a force-generator model of the hammer-pile system. The force-generator model is coupled to a 1-D finite-difference model of longitudinal stress waves in a cylindrical pile. The radiated pressure is computed by matching the velocity boundary condition at the pile wall using a superposition of monopole sources distributed over the length of the pile in a layered 2-D fluid medium. The transfer function for the monopoles is computed using the near-field Hankel transform for radial particle velocity at the pile wall. Standard ocean acoustic modeling techniques are used to compute the Mach wave propagating away from the pile. As an example, predictions of the model are compared to field measurements obtained in a riverine environment.
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