Abstract
A model is described that has been developed to calculate the scatter of a high frequency acoustic pulse that originates from a stationary source and is scattered from a stationary target near the under-ice surface characteristic of the Arctic. Measured under-ice acoustic profile data are used to model the large scale under-ice surface roughness by an ensemble of ice keels. Additional measured data are used to model the small scale roughness of ice keels by an ensemble of ice blocks. The Helmholtz-Kirchhoff integral in the Kirchhoff approximation is used to calculate the scatter from an ice facet. The scatter from an ice keel is given by a coherent sum of the scatter from all the ice facets. A T-matrix is used to calculate the scatter from the stationary target. The first order terms in the multiple scattering process between the target and ice surface is also calculated, i.e., the scatter from the target of the free field scatter from ice facets and the scatter from ice facets of the free field scatter from the target. Numerical results show the extent to which the scatter from the target in the under-ice environment differs from its free field scatter.
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