Abstract
Customized buses (CBs) are a new mode of public transportation and an important part of diversified public transportation, providing advanced, attractive and user-led service. The operational activity of a CB is planned by aggregating space–time demand and similar passenger travel demands. Based on an analysis of domestic and international research and the current development of CBs in China and considering passenger travel data, this paper studies the problems associated with the operation of CBs, such as stop selection, line planning and timetables, and establishes a model for the stop planning and timetables of CBs. The improved immune genetic algorithm (IIGA) is used to solve the model with regard to the following: 1) multiple population design and transport operator design, 2) memory library design, 3) mutation probability design and crossover probability design, and 4) the fitness calculation of the gene segment. Finally, a real-world example in Beijing is calculated, and the model and solution results are verified and analyzed. The results illustrate that the IIGA solves the model and is superior to the basic genetic algorithm in terms of the number of passengers, travel time, average passenger travel time, average passenger arrival time ahead of schedule and total line revenue. This study covers the key issues involving operational systems of CBs, combines theoretical research and empirical analysis, and provides a theoretical foundation for the planning and operation of CBs.
Highlights
The conflict between increasing traffic demand and a relatively lagged traffic supply is becoming increasingly prominent with the rapid development of economy and society and the accelerating process of urbanization
Jiao L and Wang L [30] verified that the immune genetic algorithm (IGA) is feasible and effective and is conducive to alleviating the degeneration phenomenon in the original genetic algorithm (GA) based on examples of the traveling salesman problem (TSP)
The improved immune genetic algorithm (IIGA) is significantly faster than the IGA, with a 49% faster running speed
Summary
The conflict between increasing traffic demand and a relatively lagged traffic supply is becoming increasingly prominent with the rapid development of economy and society and the accelerating process of urbanization. Traffic environment pollution, traffic accidents, energy consumption and societal fairness problems are widespread in all large and medium-sized cities in our country. These difficult problems perplex the majority of urban travelers and government administration. The average demand for a CB has increased from 200 in 2013 to more than 100,000 at present With such a large-scale passenger demand for CBs, many large and medium-sized cities in China and other developing countries are faced with determining how to scientifically plan, design, and operate CBs, improve the level of CB service, reduce the costs of operating CBs, facilitate passenger travel, and alleviate urban road congestion and smog
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