Abstract
In this work we extend the Gutman and Hartmann triboelectric charging model for two-component developers to include the case of uncharged toner added to a charged developer (toner and carrier are charged). In the previous work, we examined the toner charging process when uncharged toner is mixed with uncharged carrier to form a developer. Now we examine the toner charging process when uncharged toner is mixed into a charged developer – a process we call toner admix. We will develop a model and compare it to experimental results. A toner charge spectrograph is used to measure the change in charge of the incumbent toner as well as the charge of the freshly added, uncharged toner.
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