Abstract

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of mobile health (mHealth) intervention strategies that delivered either personalized, culturally, and linguistically tailored cell phone voice messages or text messages related to breast cancer and prevention, compared to the control group, to determine which strategy is more likely to increase breast cancer knowledge and screening mammography among low-income Latina immigrants.Methods: This randomized controlled trial assigned 256 Latina immigrants 40 years of age or older to one of three groups: an automated cell phone voice message group, an automated text message group, or the control group (mail). The mHealth intervention employed a comprehensive approach that included breast cancer and prevention education and free mammography screening. Outcome measures included knowledge of breast cancer and breast cancer prevention, and adherence to screening mammography.Results: There was a general increase in breast cancer knowledge after the educational intervention for all the groups [p = 0.01, t(199) = 3.996]. Knowledge increase and mammography adherence did not differ based on group.Conclusion: More important than the actual method of communication is how breast cancer and prevention messages are constructed, who the messenger is, and the enabling factors that facilitate screening adherence. A breast cancer preventive intervention program that is personalized, culturally and linguistically tailored, and offers a free or low-cost mammogram holds promise to be an effective method in reaching an underserved Latina population with a high breast cancer burden.

Highlights

  • Ethnic/racial disparities in breast cancer and breast cancer screening persist

  • Objective: To investigate the efficacy of mobile health intervention strategies that delivered either personalized, culturally, and linguistically tailored cell phone voice messages or text messages related to breast cancer and prevention, compared to the control group, to determine which strategy is more likely to increase breast cancer knowledge and screening mammography among low-income Latina immigrants

  • Given that at the time this study was conducted, the American Cancer Society (ACS) recommended that women begin regular, annual screening mammography at age 40 years, the eligible age to participate in the study began at age 40.20 The study protocol was approved by the American University Institutional Review Board

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Summary

Introduction

Ethnic/racial disparities in breast cancer and breast cancer screening persist. While the breast cancer incidence rate remained stable in non-Hispanic white women from 2005 to 2015, it increased among Hispanic women or Latinas (0.4% annually),[1] who comprise the largest ethnic minority and one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in the United States.[2].

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