Abstract
BackgroundIn the present study, the skin-whitening effects of a marine-sourced mixture that includes a fucoidan-rich extract of Undaria pinnatifida (UPEF), a phlorotannin-rich extract of Ecklonia cava (ECE), and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from sea squirt skin were investigated.MethodsThe whitening effects of the mixture and its components were evaluated by measuring the inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase and melanin synthesis in alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells.ResultsEach component alone markedly inhibited mushroom tyrosinase in a dose-dependent manner, and in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells, they inhibited melanin synthesis and were cytotoxic. However, the whitening effects of UPEF, ECE, and GAGs in combination were greater than those of each component alone. A mixture in the ratio of 4:5:1 (UEG-451) showed the strongest activity without cytotoxicity. Further study suggested that UEG-451 inhibits α-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis in B16F10 cells by downregulating tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related proteins, such as TRP-1 and TRP-2, via the inhibition of MITF expression.ConclusionsThese results suggest that mixing the different components at optimum ratios might be an effective way to improve their bioactivities and reduce toxicity and that UEG-451 possesses strong whitening effects that could be used in the cosmetic industry.
Highlights
In the present study, the skin-whitening effects of a marine-sourced mixture that includes a fucoidanrich extract of Undaria pinnatifida (UPEF), a phlorotannin-rich extract of Ecklonia cava (ECE), and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from sea squirt skin were investigated
ECE caused significant cytotoxicity in B16F10 cells
ECE showed stronger melanin synthesis inhibition activity than UPEF and GAGs, and the melanin content of cells treated with 100 μg/mL of ECE was lower than the unstimulated cells. These results demonstrated that ECE is a potent inhibitor of melanin synthesis in α-MSH-stimulated and non-stimulated B16F10 cells
Summary
The skin-whitening effects of a marine-sourced mixture that includes a fucoidanrich extract of Undaria pinnatifida (UPEF), a phlorotannin-rich extract of Ecklonia cava (ECE), and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from sea squirt skin were investigated. Because of the special environment, marine organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, produce unique metabolites (Kijjoa and Sawangwong 2004; Wang et al 2016) These metabolites, such as phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, and peptides, possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-obesity, anti-hypertensive, and anti-diabetes bioactivities (Fernando et al 2017; Kang et al 2015; Kang et al 2013; Kim et al 2016; Kim et al 2014; Ko et al 2017; Lange et al 2015; Lee et al 2015; Lee et al 2013; Oh et al 2016; Samarakoon et al 2014; Sanjeewa et al 2016). These metabolites, such as phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, and peptides, possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-obesity, anti-hypertensive, and anti-diabetes bioactivities (Fernando et al 2017; Kang et al 2015; Kang et al 2013; Kim et al 2016; Kim et al 2014; Ko et al 2017; Lange et al 2015; Lee et al 2015; Lee et al 2013; Oh et al 2016; Samarakoon et al 2014; Sanjeewa et al 2016). Ahn et al (2007) reported on the antioxidant activities of
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
