A mixed reality-based navigation method for dental implant navigation method: A pilot study

Abstract

This in vitro study aimed to put forward the development and investigation of a novel Mixed Reality (MR)-based dental implant navigation method and evaluate implant accuracy. Data were collected using 3D-cone beam computed tomography. The MR-based navigation system included a Hololens headset, an NDI (Northern Digital Inc.) Polaris optical tracking system, and a computer. A software system was developed. Resin models of dentition defects were created for a randomized comparison study with the MR-based navigation implantation system (MR group, n = 25) and the conventional free-hand approach (FH group, n = 25). Implant surgery on the models was completed by an oral surgeon. The precision and feasibility of the MR-based navigation method in dental implant surgery were assessed and evaluated by calculating the entry deviation, middle deviation, apex deviation, and angular deviation values of the implant. The system, including both the hardware and software, for the MR-based dental implant navigation method were successfully developed and a workflow of the method was established. Three-Dimensional (3D) reconstruction and visualization of the surgical instruments, dentition, and jawbone were achieved. Real-time tracking of implant tools and jaw model, holographic display via the MR headset, surgical guidance, and visualization of the intraoperative implant trajectory deviation from the planned trajectory were captured by our system. The MR-based navigation system was with better precise than the free-hand approach for entry deviation (MR: 0.6914 ± 0.2507 mm, FH: 1.571 ± 0.5004 mm, P = 0.000), middle deviation (MR: 0.7156 ± 0.2127 mm, FH: 1.170 ± 0.3448 mm, P = 0.000), apex deviation (MR: 0.7869 ± 0.2298 mm, FH: 0.9190 ± 0.3319 mm, P = 0.1082), and angular deviation (MR: 1.849 ± 0.6120°, FH: 4.933 ± 1.650°, P = 0.000).