Abstract
For several years, geodesists have debated the proper role of electronic distances in modern geodetic surveys. The role must be defined on an individual basis as a function of the desired accuracy and ultimate purpose of the survey. This paper proposes a mixed mode of observations for the types of surveys currently being observed following conventional first-order triangulation techniques. The mixed observational procedure requires only a portion of the survey control stations be instrument-occupied, and directions and electro-optical distances be observed to the remainder of the stations. The method allows the substitution of truck-or trailer-mounted portable towers, equipped with targets and reflectors, for a portion of the Bilby towers which are presently required to provide theodolite observations from all primary control stations in a conventional triangulation network. For the example considered, the mixed observational method provided more accurate position determinations than were obtained using conventional triangulation.
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