Abstract
A special element has been developed to describe boundary and interface behaviour in forming processes. A mixed Eu1erian-Lagrangian finite element method has been applied by which nodal point locations may be adapted independently of material displacement. Movement of free and contact surfaces can be taken into account by adapting nodal surface point locations in a way that they remain on the moving surface. A smoothing procedure, related to the Hu-Washizu principle, was introduced to avoid numerical instabilities. The description of the contact element was based on the assumption of a thin layer in the tool-product interface, the constitutive behaviour of this layer was taken analogous to elasto-plasticity with non-associated flow. Large relative displacements and rotations were taken into account. An application is shown by the simulation of a cold rolling process.
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