Abstract
The aim of this study was to introduce a minimally invasive procedure for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transfer into the intact periodontal ligament (PDL) of the molar teeth in rats. Ten 12-week-old Wistar albino rats were used for this preliminary study. MSCs were obtained from bones of two animals and were labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Four animals were randomly selected for MSC injection, while 4 animals served as a control group. Samples were prepared for histological analysis, Cox-2 mRNA expression polymerase chain reaction analysis, and fluorescent microscopy evaluation. The number of total cells, number of osteoclastic cells, and Cox-2 mRNA expression levels of the periodontal tissue of teeth were calculated. The number of total cells was increased with MSC injections in PDL significantly (P < 0.001). The number of osteoclastic cells and Cox-2 mRNA expression were found to be similar for the two groups. GFP-labeled MSCs were observed with an expected luminescence on the smear samples of the PDL with transferred MSCs. The results of this preliminary study demonstrate successful evidence of transferring MSCs to intact PDL in a nonsurgical way and offer a minimally invasive procedure for transfer of MSCs to periodontal tissues.
Highlights
Periodontal ligament (PDL) has many functions such as supporting and providing nutrition to teeth, homeostasis, and repairing damaged tissues
These results showed that these cells are mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)
H&E staining evaluation revealed that MSC application increased the cell count in the upper first molar PDL of MSC group rats
Summary
Periodontal ligament (PDL) has many functions such as supporting and providing nutrition to teeth, homeostasis, and repairing damaged tissues. Resorption or loss of cementum, degeneration of alveolar bone and/or gingiva due to destructive periodontal diseases, or root resorption after trauma are regenerated by heterogeneous cell populations of PDL (Murakami et al, 2003). These cells are capable of differentiating into cementoblasts, osteoblasts, or other connective tissue cells (Isaka et al, 2001). For the treatment of periodontal defects, stimulation of the reparative effects of stem cells in PDL by transferring additional MSCs to the defect region has been achieved, and the regenerative effects of MSCs transfer have been Recent investigations have shown that these progenitor cells consist of stem cells (Behnia et al, 2012) and, PDL stem cells has been found to have high similarity with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (Kramer et al, 2004).
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