Abstract

AbstractTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique used in the clinic to treat several neurological disorders and psychiatric diseases. One of TMS’s significant limitations is its low spatial resolution, which often results in a mismatch between the target area in the brain and the stimulation site on the scalp. To enhance its spatial resolution, we designed and built a complete stimulation system complete with a millimetric-diameter coil and microscopic traces (μCoil). The first tests conducted on healthy volunteers showed that the μCoil stimulation of the radial nerve in the wrist could indeed evoke somatosensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs). In this chapter, we study this nerve stimulation system with electromagnetic and neuron simulators on a neurofunctionalized model from the Virtual Population (ViP v.4) and a μCoil figure-8 geometry. In particular, we study how changes in the μCoil geometry, such as the number of layers, shape, and length of an iron or air core, may help to promote the generation of somatosensory nerve action potentials.

Highlights

  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that employs a high-intensity pulsed magnetic field sent through the scalp by a stimulating coil

  • The single circular coil that was composed of four layers induced inside the tissues an electric field stronger than the field induced by the two-layered coil: the maximum E field induced at the level of the nerve with 1 A was 0.27 V/m for the two-layered circular coil and 0.40 V/m for the four-layered one

  • The lack of focality of TMS stimulators is a significant barrier for the future deployment of this type of noninvasive neurostimulator in the clinics or neuroscience research

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Summary

Introduction

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that employs a high-intensity pulsed magnetic field sent through the scalp by a stimulating coil. Given the conventional engineering approach which uses a few turns (

Modeling Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Magnetic Field Generated by the μCoils
Electric Field Induced by the μCoils
Variation of the Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Threshold
Discussion and Conclusion

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