Abstract
Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive drug that is widely used in organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases. However, its potential reproductive toxicity in male animals is not fully understood. This mini-review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the reproductive toxicity of cyclosporine in male animals, focusing on its effects on spermatogenesis, sperm quality, and fertility. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and other databases to identify relevant studies. Studies have shown that cyclosporine can have various adverse effects on spermatogenesis in male animals, including decreased sperm production, impaired sperm motility, and increased sperm abnormalities. Cyclosporine can also affect sperm quality by reducing sperm concentration, viability, and DNA integrity. These effects may result in decreased fertility in male animals. The available evidence suggests that cyclosporine has reproductive toxic effects in male animals. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of action and to develop strategies to mitigate these effects.
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