Abstract
The scarcity of freshwater resources in many regions of the world has contributed to the emergence of various technologies for treating and recovering wastewater for reuse in industry, agriculture, and households. Deep wastewater treatment from oils and petroleum products is one of the difficult tasks that must be solved. Among the known technologies, UF membranes have found wide industrial application with high efficiency in removing various pollutants from wastewater. It is shown that the search for and development of highly efficient, durable, and resistant to oil pollution UF membranes for the treatment of oily wastewater is an urgent research task. The key parameters to improve the performance of UF membranes are by enhancing wettability (hydrophilicity) and the antifouling behavior of membranes. In this review, we highlight the using of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes primarily to treat oily wastewater. Various methods of polymer alterations of the UF membrane were studied to improve hydrophilicity, the ability of antifouling the membrane, and oil rejection, including polymer blending, membrane surface modification, and the mixed membrane matrix. The influence of the type and composition of the hydrophilic additives of nanoparticles (e.g., Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), graphene oxide (GO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and titanium dioxide (TiO2), etc.) was investigated. The review further provides an insight into the removal efficiency percent.
Highlights
The sustainable utilization of water resources is the mainstay for the sustainable development of modern society and the economy
The UF membrane has emerged in a wide range of industrial applications with high removal efficiency of pollutants of the wastewater especially oily wastewater; it is more effective than the other techniques employed such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)
CNTs have an elongated, tubular structure and can be single named as single-walled (SWNTs), double named as double-walled (DWNTs), or many walls named as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) [54]
Summary
The sustainable utilization of water resources is the mainstay for the sustainable development of modern society and the economy. Various technologies have appeared to clean and restore polluted water for industrial, agricultural, and human consumption, such as screening, pre-sedimentation, coagulationflocculation, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), and the filter membrane [3], as well as numerous techniques for the wastewater purification, containing conventional physical, chemical, biological, and membrane-based methods [4,5]. The UF membrane has emerged in a wide range of industrial applications with high removal efficiency of pollutants of the wastewater especially oily wastewater; it is more effective than the other techniques employed such as AOPs. Membranes are prepared from inorganic materials (such as ceramics) and organic materials (such as polymers). This review dealt with more than one topic; it highlights the UF membranes’ manufacturing by the addition types of nanoparticles, which greatly affect the performance of the membrane; the development of membrane technology such as surface modification; as well as the synthesis techniques used
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