A mild post-synthesis oxidative treatment of Pd-In/HOPG bimetallic catalysts as a tool of their surface structure fine tuning

Abstract

Intermetallic Pd-In particles formation and their deliberate post-synthesis modification by oxidative treatments under carefully controlled conditions have been investigated by the combination of synchrotron radiation-based photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. It is demonstrated that a prolonged contact of Pd-In/HOPG samples with air led to a partial decomposition of intermetallic particles giving rise to the formation of Pd0 species homogeneously distributed over bulk, surface indium hydroxide and subsurface indium oxide. A mild oxidative treatment (0.25 mbar O2, 150 °C) leads to the indium surface segregation and formation of indium oxide homogeneously distributed over the depth and metallic Pd predominantly localized in the interior. The indium oxide component becomes surface localized upon further temperature increase to 200 °C.